which of the following statements is true about correctional officers?

[21], Although consensual sex, rape, tattooing, and injection drug use occur within the correctional setting, available data suggest that most persons with HIV who are incarceratedacquired HIV prior to entering prison or, for those with multiple incarcerations, between periods of incarceration. The Supreme Court ruled in__________that it was unconstitutional and a violation of the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment to execute people for crimes that were committed before turning age 18. The first reformatory to implement an extensive parole program was ___________. Captain Maconochie would have preferred an _________ sentencing model. Police-Community Relations Toolkit: Policing 101 A jury found Murdaugh guilty of murdering his wife and son. In the correctional context the relationship between inmate privacy and institutional right-to-know remains contested, since correctional institutions are not alwasy considered covered entities under HIPAA. Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers? Women started working in corrections in the 1970's and now are becoming more accepted. (1) Words such as ALL, NEVER, NONE, and EVERY harden a statement and indicate there are no exceptions. If an inmate is suspected of forging an officer's signature, the pass should be verified immediately. "America is the land of the second chance and when the gates of the prison open, the path ahead should lead to a better life", was said by_______________. These include untreated mental illness, medication side effects, lack of trust in the medical provider or in the benefit of taking antiretroviral medications, and social isolation. Prisonization is the process by which new inmates learn about the prison subculture. They have considerable discretion in discharging their duties within the constraints of rules, regulations, and policies., They represent a minor percentage of staff members in prisons., They have clear and specific guidelines on how to exercise their discretion., or They exist in isolation from the prison bureaucracy. Unfortunately, this practice limits inmates with HIV from transferring to facilities that may have unique work or school programs, and may result in persons with HIV being imprisoned far from visitors, thereby limiting or preventing visitations. Criminologists Richard Hawkins and Geoffrey Alpert identified four general ways in which correctional officers respond to their jobs. [11,42] Several studies evaluating the impact of directly observed antiretroviral therapy in prisons have found that directly observed antiretroviral therapy does not necessarily lead to better medication adherence than self-administration. Quiz Grade 2. Until the middle of the twentieth century, courts followed a(n) ________ philosophy toward prison matters. The first reformatory for young men opened at ______________. 2.2 Utilitarian Ethics. In 1972, the case of__________ruled that the application of the death penalty, as it was then carried out, was unconstitutional and set aside 40 death penalty statutes. In the typical noninstitutional medical setting, confidentiality in the context of healthcare is a protected entity under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). A particularly mean device for whipping, called the Russian Knout, had fishhooks in it. According to Schmalleger, the ___________ adapts to prison by exploiting the minimal pleasures it offers. Diversion has its roots in ________theory. Assume that the Portland Trail Blazers center makes 58%58\%58% of his free-throw shots. Everyone is entitled to equal medical treatment without regard to status. High rates of HIV risk activity coupled with low rates of HIV testing make the community corrections population an important priority for HIV screening and prevention services. Some correctional systems have arranged partnerships to allow processing of Social Security Administration (SSA) and Medicare applications before release, as recommended by the SSA and the Centers for Medicare and Medical Services. Time taken off an inmate's sentence for participating in certain activities such as going to school, learning a trade and working inprison is called _____________. In the case of In re Gault, Gerald Gault was charged with? In the United States, the HIV prevalence among incarcerated individuals is 1.3%, which is more than three times higher than among the general population. The estimated national cost per year to confine an inmate over 55 years old is? Inmates should follow the prison rules and not cause trouble. In 2014, the mean annual wage for state correctional officers was ________. Penitentiaries are relatively modern social institutions and their development is distinctly American. The contents are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement, by HRSA, HHS, or the U.S. Government. The HIV care cascade model has been applied to the correctional system in order to identify disparities and improve performance at every stage along the HIV care continuum, from HIV diagnosis to linkage and retention in care to antiretroviral therapy and virologic suppression (Figure 15). A punishment that is grossly disproportionate to the offense as well as those that transgress today's broad and idealistic concepts of dignity, civilized standards, humanity and decency is said to be? A crime which is a violation of a local ordinance and is punishable by only a fine is called an? The United States correctional system consists of local and tribal jails, state prisons, federal prisons, military and immigration facilities, and community correctional facilities, which includes probation and parole programs. Approximately_________of women were under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of their arrest. To which of the following due process protections are they NOT entitled? [6]In the United States, from2008 through 2018, therewas an 8.6% decline in the total number of persons in prison and an 21.5% decrease in Black individuals who were in prison. Life is typified by insecurity, stress, and unpredictability in prison., There are rarely opportunities for educational achievement in prison., There is little privacy in prison., or Deprivation of personal freedom and material goods is pronounced in prison. An executive act that removes both punishment and guilt is called a __________. [20] The linkage to appropriate medical care during incarceration can be challenging since HIV specialists may not be available to provide medical services on-site at the correctional facility. At year-end 2014, 1 in _____ adults in the United States was under community supervision. The Panopticon was designed to allow prison staff to observe inside each______. This graphic illustrates the concept that many more persons in the United States move through jails over time than in prisons. Assume the male role in a homosexual relationship. Pseudofamilies exist in men's prisons in the same manner they exists in women's prisons. A writ issued by an appellate court to obtain from a lower court the record of its proceeding in a particular case is called a? (2) Words such as SOMETIMES, MAY, GENERALLY, and POSSIBLY soften a statement and leave more room for the statement to be correct. Emergency release options for special docket offenders, generally used to relieve prison overcrowding are called? In a retrospective review involving 882 prisoners with HIV in the Connecticut Department of Corrections system, virologic suppression (less than 400 copies/mL) improved from 29.8% at entry to 70.0% by release. The majority of inmates in the Federal Bureau of Prisons have been convicted of _____. A crime punishable by death or by incarceration in a prison facility for a year or more is called a? [26]Althoughthe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended in 2006 that correctional facilities perform routine opt-out HIV testing, the HIV testing practices and policies in correctional setting continue to vary from state to state. The support received from other officers is the result of shared values within the culture. Expedited HIV care may be necessary for special clinical circumstances including acute HIV,an acute opportunistic infection, and HIV during pregnancy. Community corrections officers have some discretion in setting reporting requirements and the strictness of [52]In the past, some correctional administrators and officials thought placing all inmates known to have HIV together in special unitsand in some cases identifying them by an armband or special clothingwould reduce HIV transmission to both staff and other inmates. They are meant to help you stay on track throughout each lesson and check your understanding of key concepts. [31,32,33], Studies have shown that HIV testing within the structured environment of corrections is effective and feasible; the cost-effectiveness of testing incarcerated populations varies with the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV among inmates in any given testing area, but, overall, is on par with the cost of testing in the non-correctional setting. They always seek the easy path and they plot to win the cushiest jobs. What is defined as the conditional release of prisoners before they have served their full sentences? The HIV Care Cascade Before, During, and After Incarceration: A Systematic Review and Data Synthesis. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways? [11] For many inmates, the greater ability to achieve viral suppression in prison is likely influenced by access to HIV care and mental health services, a structured daily routine, and decreased use of alcohol and illicit drugs. PDF Home Probation and Parole Officers and Discretionary Decision-Making If the defendant accepts a penalty without admitting guilt it is called? It also been observed that the functions have only one asymptote. Adult offenders are arrested; juvenile offenders are? To deal with the growing prison population England used floating prion ships called hulks. A person's race is a simple biological fact, and not a social construct. An adult offender receives a verdict; a juvenile offender receives a? Inmates' belief that a correctional officer can and will punish disobedience gives the officer __________. There are fewer women working as correctional officers than there are working as police officers. An inmate with an officer does not need a pass. week four quiz.docx - CJS 201 intro to criminal justice a. [72,73] Therefore, in this setting, it is important to utilize a range of HIV prevention strategies that include keeping released prisoners engaged in medical care, assisting them in taking antiretroviral therapy consistently achieving suppressed HIV RNA levels, identifying and treating sexually transmitted infections (since sexually transmitted infections can increase the risk of HIV transmission to partners), and facilitating the use of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for community serodifferent partners. The first legally chartered American custodial institution for juvenile offenders was? [7], The higher prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) within correctional facilities can partially be explained by the high percentage of inmates with a history of injection drug use. The first written laws of Rome were called? The first juvenile court established in 1899 in? c. [41] In a small exploratory study of 42 men and transgender women with HIV who were recently released from correctional centers in Illinois, only about one-half of the men said they reported their HIV status at jail or prison entry and some study participants only disclosed their HIV status to the correctional officers when their health deteriorated. Among different racial/ethnic groups, blacks have the highest incarceration rates. There are rarely opportunities for educational achievement in prison. [9] Although the number of persons who have ever injected drugs is not routinely assessed in prison populations, a 2004 Bureau of Justice Special Report noted that 23% of persons in state prisonsand 18% of individuals in federal prisonsreported ever having used heroin/opiates. Robert-Francois Damiens was sentenced to be quartered publicly in Paris for attempting to kill? The case of McKeiver v. Pennsylvania ruled that juveniles do not have? What is described as the secret exchange of goods and services among inmates? Parole and probation, taken together with other forms of non-prison sanctions, are called community corrections. Community corrections refers to adults on probation or parole. 120 seconds. A. [20] The immediate clinical management issues that should be addressed include HIV prevention counseling, referral for mental health treatment if needed, initial evaluation and staging of HIV, and referral for HIV treatment (Table 1). Evidence based corrections have shown very strong evidence that drug courts_______the future criminal activities of offenders. The tension between prison staff members and inmates that arises out of the correctional setting is called____________. [9,12,25] The CDC recommends hepatitis B vaccinationfor all incarcerated persons who do not have immunity to or active infection with HBV. The halting or suspension, before conviction, of formal criminal proceedings against a person, conditional upon some form of counter-performance by the defendant is called? Option B is correct. Early release after a time period specified and set by law is called ____________. True or False? Many states have resource manuals listing HIV care providers. Corrections Departments by State. Incarceration offers a structured environment to initiate and continue antiretroviral therapy. A slower tempo can be experienced by a person who mentally stretches the duration of time. Each probation officer is given the following job description: Meeting and interviewing offenders and their relatives to evaluate and monitor their progress Recommending treatments, rehabilitation . Constitutional rights of inmates may be restricted by all except? Which of the following statements best describes the term parole? Punishment options for initial sentences more restrictive than traditional probation but less restrictive than jail or prisons are called? The equal-protection clause under the ________ Amendment has led the Supreme Court to forbid racial discrimination and has led state courts to target gender discrimination. At the end of 2012, approximately ________ percent of the people who were employed in adult correctional agencies in the United States were security staff. Instances of prison sex can be divided into three basic categories. The most common cause of death among the world's prisoners is? It is easy to state that one should not engage in sexual encounters, but it is harder to discuss and identify feelings that develop in correctional settings, such as transference and counter-transference feelings in a therapeutic relationship. [45,66] In a study that involved released prisoners in Texas, only 30% filled a prescription for antiretroviral therapy within 60 days of release. The numbers for each year represent a sample taken at one point in time during that year. Some terms may not be used. Which of the following Latin terms is defined as a court order requiring that a confined person be brought to court so that his or her claims can be heard? While blacks account for 12% of the U.S. population they account for _____ of the correctional workforce. Which of the following statements regarding prison subcultures is true? The major Code of Ethics governing the field of corrections was created? A crime punishable by confinement in a local jail for a year or less is called? The first historical phase of prison discipline, involving soiltary confinement in silence instead of corporal punishment was called the ____________. Alternatively, send information to the community provider after obtaining written consent for release ofinformation from the inmate. [11] As a result of improvements in antiretroviral therapies over time, the number of AIDS-related deaths in corrections has plummeted since the mid-1990s, similar to the trend in the general population; in recent years, fewer than 75 AIDS-related deaths per year have occurred in prisons (Figure 16). [44,45] In Connecticut, psychiatric disorders were common in the HIV-seropositive prisoner cohort and 45.6% were taking either antidepressants or antipsychotic medications. [6], In the United States, during the years 1991-2015 the annual number of persons with diagnosed HIV in state or federal prisons ranged from a high of 25,976 in 1998 to a low of 17,146 in 2015; from 1998 to 2015 the number and rate of persons with HIV in state or federal prisons declined (Figure 8). Flashcards - Corrections - FreezingBlue In the United States, the average ratio of correctional officers to inmates across all states in 2012 was ________. To this end, we subscribe to the following principles. This system called for silence but allowed the inmated to work together in groups. [11,12,13] Available data suggest that for persons with HIV and a history of opioid dependence, receipt of opiate agonist therapy within an HIV clinic upon release from prison improves HIV treatment outcomes in the community. C. Some officers become overly authoritarian and confrontational. Which of the following is NOT one of those categories? The rates of inmate suicide are far higher than the national averages, and even higher still for special populations (including juvenile and LGBTI inmates), even corrections officers have a much greater occupational suicide rate. Easy Quiz 2. The _________ would be most involved in encouraging prisoners to participate in educational, vocational and treatment programs. Inmates under the care and custody of a local, state, or federal correctional authority are generally housed in one of two types of facilities - a local jail or a state or federal prison. consensual sex for gratification, sexual assault, voyeurism, or prostitution. A method the U.S. Supreme Court uses to decide prisoner's rights cases, weighing the rights claimed by inmates against the legitimate needs of prisons is called the__________? [64,65] Developing new models of prison healthcare, such as telemedicine, that can effectively deliver best-practice HIV medicine to inmates living with HIV, is crucial to ensuring the constitutionally protected right of prisoners to adequate healthcare. Restorative justice is especially concerned with repairing the harm to the offender. Paramedics from the adjoining firehouse were called and unsuccessfully tried to resuscitate the prisoner. Jake is an inmate in a large state prison. If possible, allow the community care provider to visit the inmate before release. Values such as supportiveness, teamwork, perseverance, empathy, and caring enable officers to cope with post-traumatic stress; they are part of team of colleagues who care for their coworkers. Which of the following is sacrificed so that prisons and jails can continue to operate in an efficient manner given the budget cutbacks? [47] Jails and temporary detention settings pose the most challenges in terms of accessing antiretroviral therapy. Women make up ______ percent of the parole population. Psychology - The Biological Perspective, Communication - Writing Negative Messages Quiz level 3, Pre Exam Quiz 5; Human Development and Family Studies, Quiz Preview 10/ Psychology - Principles of Social Psychology, Quiz Facts 7' Psychology - Cognitive Functioning, Quiz Lot 2. Develop a list of medical providers in the community to which the inmates will be returning. [50] In this setting, however, the use of universal precautions should negate the need for correctional staff outside of health services to know the HIV status of any individual patient. What is defined as a constellation of values, norms, and roles that regulate the way inmates interact with one another and with prison staff? On June 19, 2002, the Supreme Court held in_______that the execution of the mentally retarded is cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Eighth Amendment. An assault in progress obviously calls for the use of force and/or a retreat by the . The privacy of the individual inmate should be protected to the greatest extent possible, which typically means that medical interviews of inmates should be conducted out of earshot of correctional officers, and the disclosure of protected health information should be limited to situations that directly impact the health and safety of other inmates and/or correctional staff.[51]. Although injection drug use may directly result in transmission of HIV, it is also associated with sexual activity that can increase the risk ofHIV acquisition. The region of the country with the highest number of parolees is the ___________. 1 officer for every 6.35 inmates. The _______ likes to give orders and seems to enjoy the feeling of power that comes from ordering inmates around. Most inmates with HIV will qualify for free or low-cost medical treatment at clinics federally funded through the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Modernization Act of 2006. Mandatory release is similar to ________ in that persons let out under either arrangement ordinarily receive a period of community supervision. Correctional Officer Duties & Responsibilites | CorrectionalOfficer.org A police force with integrity is one with little or no misconduct or corruption. In 1840, British Navy Captain ____________ was appointed superintendent of Norfolk Island. [48] Also, with short stays there may be inadequate time to collect a medical history, inquire about and verify current and previous medication regimens, or obtain the necessary antiretroviral medications before an individual is released. [45] Some prison-specific barriers include unauthorized medication confiscation, medication theft, medication stock-outs, and inability to access medications during lockdowns. Directly observed antiretroviral therapy is less convenient, decreases patient control, and may inadvertently jeopardize confidentiality.

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