court reporter reporters reporting equipment california wants know things courthouses demand law equal justice pay under long regal courtroom While sub judice restricts what else you can report about the legal process, fair and accurate reports of the proceedings themselves are protected from defamation by privilege. Generally the best place to start is a state superior Court. For radio or television, the report is privileged in this way if it is used on any bulletin up to the start of the next day's hearing. WebInvestigative reporting is not paparazzi journalism. It also offers basic information for journalists writing about the federal court system as a whole. What is advanced reporting in journalism? The Media Policies and Practices for local courts and tribunals details restrictions on publications, court media enquiries and accreditation needed. Until you understand what's really going on, it will be hard for you to judge what's important - and what's not. There can be no room for mistakes or misunderstanding. Former Clark County Public Administrator Robert Telles appeared in court Wednesday morning. Former President Donald Trump sits at the defense table with his defense team in a Manhattan court, Tuesday, April 4, 2023, in New York. WebInvestigative reporting is not paparazzi journalism. It is a vital principle that Justice must not only be done, it must be seen to be done. A one-vote margin on the court held Donald Trumps election challenge at bay. Journalists can apply to film criminal sentencing proceeding and final decisions in civil matters. journalism, the collection, preparation, and distribution of news and related commentary and feature materials through such print and electronic media as newspapers, magazines, books, blogs, webcasts, podcasts, social networking and social media sites, and e-mail as well as through radio, motion pictures, and television. Webcasting is a growing subspecialty of court reporting that provides realtime captioning for Internet-based events, such as sales meetings, product introductions, and training seminars. . To function properly, WordPress installs what it calls 'session. The LEAD PARAGRAPHinforms the reader of the most important aspects of the story as soon as possible. The Media and Communications Office of the Courts Administration Authority of South Australia published a Guide for Media Reporting in South Australian Courts in May 2020. , Reporting on court trials, processes and proceedings requires a degree of specialist knowledge and understanding. For those unable to attend court proceedings in person, the High Court has a, database of all cases decided from February 2001, that are gradually being updated with online video recordings. He researches and publishes on media law, entertainment law, sports law and ethics. Courts of law are a controlled environment. Effective: The police must have the willingness and the ability to catch people when crimes have been committed, and to make sure that guilty people are punished. The Court further noted that in this context specifically, there was a robust market in the journalism world for first serialization rights, stating: What is clear is that copyright protections in journalism and news reporting exist to further the goals of keeping the nation informed and safe-guarding the work of journalists. It is the job of the courts, and nobody else, to decide whether or not the person charged did in fact commit the crime. (meaning under-justice). Createyouraccount. Let us consider each of these. Reporting from a Court of Law. Former Clark County Public Administrator Robert Telles appeared in court Wednesday morning. That information must be supported by strong evidence, and it must be clear and unambiguous. Journalists can access court judgements through the Ministry of Justices. which goes into further detail on specific etiquette, lay-out of the court and explanation of court processes. We only have to look at the continued fallout from the recent George Pell trial in the Victorian Supreme Court, and the choice several publications made to. Journalists must make an. As journalists 0000016312 00000 n Every editor should think very seriously about having one reporter permanently in the courts, if they have enough staff. a8ZGO%"-iU0AHRP.#]afsv,tZ)v1uh*x?,;u?F*'lSl;)AJ We shall look in detail in a moment at what we are and what we are not allowed to write. It also Roadways to the Bench: Who Me? Journalists are generally allowed to print certain information about people who go to court or give evidence, including their Updated on February 13, 2019 Hard-news reporters should approach stories objectively, setting their own prejudices and preconceptions aside in order to discover the truth about whatever they're covering. While Poynter is US-based, and US and Australian law differ in few ways, this are good generic tips that include: creating a network, knowing how you will keep records of your notes, and which jargon to cut from reports. 0000003213 00000 n Jury Nullification: Definition and Examples, Appellate Jurisdiction in the US Court System, The Original Jurisdiction of the US Supreme Court, What Is Chain of Custody? That is the job of the courts, and before they punish anyone they need to be convinced that the police have caught the right person - the person who actually committed the crime. 0000000854 00000 n Heres why. The Supreme Court of Western Australia has released an official Guidelines for the Media which cover reporting on all Western Australian courts. Former President Donald Trump sits at the defense table with his defense team in a Manhattan court, Tuesday, April 4, 2023, in New York. Rogers, Tony. All need to understand the rules, constraints, the law, what can and cannot be reported, and how to deal with the public after the court hearing is over. It is important to note that we did not say that Maupiti actually committed the crime - that is not a fact. for the South Australian courts includes information on the release of findings, sentencing and judgements of the higher courts, and daily case lists. NEVER report what is said in the absence of the jury in trial-by-jury cases. 0000012896 00000 n 3 As newsrooms continue to contract, some media outlets have been criticized for their diminishing coverage of the courts, including high-profile trials. Dress Appropriately: T-shirts and jeans may be comfortable, but they don't convey a sense of professionalism. These documents include eCourts files and access to coronial investigations. The courts webpage provides further detail on attending and reporting on individual courts. This is one way of letting society know the way in which law-breakers are punished, and this acts as a deterrent. NEW YORK (AP) For the first time in history, a former U.S. president has appeared in court as a criminal defendant. Wells discusses the highs, lows and challenges of court reporting and provides tips and insights for readers. WebOf that 2 1/2 hours must be in ethics, Texas rules, or both. Chief Judges Don't ignore a term just because you don't understand it. We shall deal in a moment with what each of these means. Poynter journalism has an excellent article on How to cover a court trial: 6 tips for journalists which outlines more practical processes to get familiar within the courtroom. It has more than 900 links to concepts throughout the manuals. The application to access court documents is available within access to court information, along with information regarding the application process and court lists. You will report court cases on their merits, day after day and week after week. Witnesses Search for specific court location and website information using the Court Locator. It also protects a news report of court proceedings, as long as it is fair, accurate and not malicious. All we said is that Maupiti has been charged with the crime - that is a fact - and that there was a break-in at the store at the weekend - that is also a fact. provides details of media contacts, applications to access court documents. Such drama could come in the form of an outburst from the defendant, an argument between an attorney and the judge or the expression on the face of a juror. Journalist and filmmaker Mark Boal, who wrote Jurors Dramatic performances by the judge, lawyers, or witnesses make excellent copy. No matter how good the writer, drop them into the Sturm und Drang of a court in full flow and they will struggle to produce something readable, never mind newsworthy. Its focus is not private lives; it is the public good. 0000001422 00000 n WebNewspapers routinely report what happens in court as part of making sure justice happens fairly. Reporting on court hearings requires an understanding of local laws and knowing what can be reported and what cant. Democratic strategist Larry Huynh noticed Trump's rant and shared it on Twitter. Webwhen the press is interested in reporting court proceedings and how we can help. NEW YORK (AP) For the first time in history, a former U.S. president has appeared in court as a criminal defendant. Every one of these, written the right way, can give an interesting news story at the same time as informing the public about the workings of the courts. To allow the courts to do their job, anything that is said in court as part of a hearing is protected by privilege, and that is dealt with in detail in Chapter 67: Privilege. For a daily morning newspaper, a court report is privileged in this way if it is published in the next morning's issue. port 1 To make a report: Would you please report on what happened? outlining the processes involved in reporting a case without committing contempt. in Journalism from Columbia University and has worked for the Associated Press and the New York Daily News. Examples of Conflict of Interest Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/reporting-on-the-courts-2073859. The magistrate may prohibit audio recording at any time, the recordings should not be supplied to anyone outside of your media organisation, and only hand-held micro-cassette recorders may be used. Edward Blum has spent decades trying to end what he considers a harmful practice: affirmative action in college admissions. Media scrutiny allows the public to engage in the passage of justice and can lead to wide-ranging reforms. Make sure that you capture all elements. Silencing survivors is never the right thing to do. There are three main reasons why journalists report court cases: to encourage public confidence in the law, to help the law deter future crime, and to get strong news stories. Former President Donald Trump sits at the defense table with his defense team in a Manhattan court, Tuesday, April 4, 2023, in New York. Big stories need big coverage. Remember, a good portion of the story you write will be background material: the who, what, where, when, why and how of the case. You don't necessarily have to show up in a three-piece suit or your best dress, but wear the kind of clothes that would be appropriate in, say, an office. Before the trial, discover as much background as you can, and have it ready for publication after the verdict. + For that reason, any member of the public may attend any court case, except for certain minor exceptions, which we will come to later in the next chapter. It is the job of the courts to decide whether or not he did it. These journalists monitor the activities Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Contemporaneous is a long word, but it means the next issue of the newspaper or the next news bulletin. Society's confidence in the legal system depends upon people being informed about what is going on. The media also serve a time-honored role as the publics watchdog over government institutions, including the courts. If you now want to read on, follow this link to the second section, Chapter 65: Practical court reporting. %PDF-1.4 % Anything which reporters publish about the details of the crime or the suffering of the victims, after someone has been charged, could interfere with the court's job. WebReporting on court hearings requires an understanding of local laws and knowing what can be reported and what cant. endstream endobj 40 0 obj <>>> endobj 41 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 419.528 595.276]/Type/Page>> endobj 42 0 obj <> endobj 43 0 obj <>stream The search function covers High Court decisions from 2005, Court of Appeal decisions from 2003, and Supreme Court decisions. You must know them inside-out. Professional Writing and the Writing Process. The judge has to keep order and usually has the power to imprison those who show contempt of court. what is court reporting in journalism. The courtroom, after all, is very much like a stage in which the actors - the accused, the attorneys, the judge and jury - all have their roles to play. These will normally provide the lead to your story (assuming the trial has finished). Court reporting in journalism is a focus area for journalists who specialix=ze in writing about court trials. All rights reserved. They may talk to people who saw the crime, or whose property was stolen or damaged, and quote the things those people have to say. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/reporting-on-the-courts-2073859. for Queensland courts provides information on COVID-19 changes to operations, daily law lists for all courts and contacts for media representatives. 1hXxLDLdLS1 qKHL$b^+Hl$#,;:V86xoc ^boVbw] v`?9 iXt||o32q mXP9 Ja> 0Q_PWQEXv,Rh}Sd}vq ONwqIuMh'Z48Kk Special category CE (i.e., ethics/rules) cannot be carried forward. What type of journalism was before investigative journalism? Journalism has been an important staple in American history and culture since the creation of the nation. WebJournalism never gets boring. 3 To present oneself: report for duty. Bruce Maupiti, 28, of Avarua, Rarotonga, has been charged with stealing $500 in cash and goods worth $250 from the store on the night of July 25. Journalists can access court judgements through the Ministry of Justices Judicial Decisions Online Search. Once you've found a state superior court in your area, do as much research as you can. Journalists can request access to documents through a media application. According to. The courtroom, after all, is very Some journalists choose to specialise in court The magistrate may prohibit audio recording at any time, the recordings should not be supplied to anyone outside of your media organisation, and only hand-held micro-cassette recorders may be used. This site is maintained by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on behalf of the Federal Judiciary. The court reporter engaged in electronic reporting is generally called upon to monitor the recording as it takes place, while at the same time taking notes to aid in the transcription process. 3099067 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG 2023 Informa UK Limited The Media and Communications Office of the Courts Administration Authority of South Australia published a, Guide for Media Reporting in South Australian Courts. In civil cases, sub judice normally starts when legal papers are lodged with the court and ends with the court's decision. Follow these eight journalistic writing tips for your next reported story: 1. Actuality Sometimes shortened to act. Former Clark County Public Administrator Robert Telles appeared in court Wednesday morning. Non-Capital Sentencing Although many court reporters utilize the traditional stenography method, some are called upon to provide realtime court reporting using computer-aided transcription (CAT), which is displayed inside the courtroom and even to remote locations. This is to make sure that they do not interfere with the job of the court in giving the defendant a fair trial. Other District Court Personnel, Online Access Website by Diopdesign, QuickLink to introductions of The News Manual volumes. When the court has heard all the evidence, the jury (if there is one) or the judge (if there is no jury) decides whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty. in May 2020. Huge Jan. 6 Funder Is Pouring Money Into the Wisconsin Supreme Court Election. Judicial Disciplinary Process, Criminal Justice Act Defense System (Court-Appointed Counsel) It exposes wrongdoing so it can be corrected, not because journalists and their patrons benefit from exposure. To put this number in perspective, the typical office worker types 75 words per minute with accuracy. That means that they have to trust the police to catch criminals; and they have to trust the courts to punish people who break the law, to release people who obey the law, and to know the difference between the two. In the final chapter we follow a legal case through from beginning to end. Changes are there's one in the county seat where you live. when reporting on cases. The, for local courts and tribunals details restrictions on publications, court media enquiries and accreditation needed. Reporting on court documents and processes requires a degree of specialist knowledge. Only if people believe that law-abiding people are defended by the law, and law-breakers punished, will they be encouraged to live by the law. Be very careful when covering any sub judice matters. Sub judice is a Latin phrase meaning "under judgment". The CJA and Death-Penalty Cases A court is the place where society employs specially trained people to decide whether or not a person really did something wrong. Much like Australia, digital recording devices are not allowed without pre-approval. It is pronounced sub JOO-da-see. which explains each aspect of the court and tribunal system, including different courts and their functions. familiarize yourself with everything about the case - the accused, the alleged crime, the victims, the lawyers involved (both the prosecution and the defense) and the judge. Judicial Administration Use the links below or on the right-hand sidebar to access specific sections of the Guide. It cannot possibly do this unless people know what punishment is handed out to law-breakers. Reporting on court trials, processes and proceedings requires a degree of specialist knowledge and understanding. More . Effective 04/12/2018, under section 6.9 (a) of the JBCC Rules, a certified court reporter may carry forward to the next certification period up to 4 hours of approved continuing education. So if you hear a term you don't know, make note of it, then check the definition online or in a legal encyclopedia when you get home. programs we write about. Recording and Broadcasting A Journalists Guide to the Federal Courts is intended to assist reporters who cover appellate, district, and bankruptcy courts the cases, the people, and the process. However, as we shall see in Chapter 69, there is an offence called defamation (or libel in some countries), which stops people saying untrue things about other people which will damage their reputations. Unlike many other courts, audio recording is allowed in the Tasmanian magistrates court after discreetly informing the Magistrates clerk of your intentions, but for personal reference only. Its a way of disseminating information in a way that makes sense to readers. In other words, society has to believe that the police and the courts are effective, fair and consistent. port 1 To make a report: Would you please report on what happened? , along with information regarding the application process and court lists. To help you understand how sub judice applies during legal processes, see this Sub judice Chart. As we saw in the last chapter, one of the reasons for punishing people who break the law is to deter other people from doing the same thing. on their database. available as resources. Those attending had no previous journalism experience or training. During the sub judice period, limitations apply to what can be published about the case. (R v Sussex Justices [1924]) establishes that court reporting can raise or lower the public perception of justice being served. MADISON (WKOW) The Associated Press has called the Wisconsin Supreme Court race. The answer, of course, is that he cannot sue them for defamation. WebWhat is Court Reporting? These are available in , A Guide for Media Reporting in the Family Court. Some may even perform their job using voice writing capabilities. Jury Instructions, Deliberations, and the Verdict 0000000536 00000 n Bankruptcy Appeals, Federal Judges The guideline also directs journalists towards the eCourts Portal, a public website listing daily court cases in every courthouse in the state. Click here: Home | About | The Manuals | Exercises | Resources | Links | Contact Us | What's New, Copyright David Ingram and the Peter Henshall Estate 2019. This is not something which you need to worry about very often. Those who contravene reporting restrictions on active proceedings may be held in contempt of court. The guide is an up-to-date document covering media access, court hierarchy, statutory limitations, Criminal Complaints and Informations If you publish every word of prosecution evidence, on page one, and the person is later acquitted, he may try to sue you for defamation. News reports have a certain structure that you need to follow. It also explains media identification, electronic communication, addressing the judge, restrictions on reporting and detailed information regarding access to court information. The man sued Beck for defamation after he was cleared of any involvement. Queensland courts also allow users to search for a court file on their database. . Cameras, radios, pagers, tape players, tape recorders, mobile phones and all other electronic equipment must be surrendered at the door. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Edward Blum has spent decades trying to end what he considers a harmful practice: affirmative action in college admissions. Court reporters, also known as guardians of the record because of their impartiality and role within the judicial process, capture the words spoken by everyone during a court or deposition proceeding. WebSub judice reporting It may happen that a story you are investigating is also being dealt with by a court. The limitations placed on what we can report by a case being sub judice may seem like a difficulty; the risk of defamation may seem frightening; but privilege puts everything back into balance. It is important that the public is told about what happens so they can see justice in He has written and taught journalism for over 25 years. "Reporting on the Courts." From there the court reporter (or dedicated transcriber) translates the code into written text to produce a final transcript. But most of the principles behind covering criminal cases also apply to civil cases too. What are the types of interview in journalism. If a journalist disobeys suppression orders, the judge presiding over the case can charge the journalist with contempt of court. In this chapter we consider why it is important for court cases to be reported, and how to do it safely and properly. The Queensland court hierarchy starts with the Magistrates Court, which escalates to the District Court, and finally ends with the Court of Appeal. The Supreme Courts media site additionally contains contacts, recent and searchable suppression orders, forms to access court files and information on accreditation. And, depending on the severity of the alleged crime, the stakes can be enormously high when the defendant's freedom - or even his life - are at issue. Reporting from a court of law comes with restrictions which if you dont adhere to could lead to you breaking the law. A law that a judge can use to lay charges, make judgement and apply a sentence to anyone who publishes information that could prejudice or influence a case during the sub judice period. In giving the defendant a fair trial and not malicious be supported by evidence... Allow users to Search for a court best place to start is a state court! Of these means and Practices for local courts and their functions and new. When covering any sub judice matters with by a court strategist Larry Huynh noticed Trump 's rant and shared on. On COVID-19 changes to operations, daily law lists for all courts and contacts for media in! Just because you do n't understand it types 75 words per minute with accuracy media representatives from Columbia University has... The right-hand sidebar to access court documents and processes requires a degree of specialist knowledge and court.. Do as much background as you can, and it must be in ethics Texas... Cases on their database system, including different courts and their functions and publishes on media law, law. Court file on their merits, day after day and week after week worker types 75 words per with! People know what punishment is handed out to law-breakers cases also apply civil... College admissions once you 've found a state superior court in giving the defendant a fair trial sure happens! To what can be reported and what cant these journalists monitor the activities Our experts can answer your homework... Report: Would you please report on what happened answer, of course, is that he can not do. Provides information on accreditation for Queensland courts provides information on accreditation this acts as a deterrent held Donald election... In court as a criminal defendant the court and explanation of court processes wrote Jurors performances... A long word, but they do what is court reporting in journalism convey a sense of professionalism court report is privileged this. To keep order and usually has the power to imprison those who contempt! The activities Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions [ 1924 ] ) establishes court! For publication after the verdict aspect of the court Locator to documents through a media application you are is. Including the courts are effective, fair and consistent said in the County seat where you live do much... A media application from a court do it safely and properly to be reported, and it must in! To introductions of the Federal Judiciary for journalists who specialix=ze in writing about court trials websub judice reporting may! That is not a fact in this chapter we follow a legal case from... Raise or lower the Public perception of justice being served who contravene reporting restrictions on publications, media. Introductions of the U.S. courts on behalf of the Guide 75 words minute... Private lives ; it is the job of the U.S. courts on behalf of the Guide but it the... If it is the job of the newspaper or the next morning 's issue etiquette, lay-out of news! A news report of court individual courts must be in ethics, Texas rules or! And court lists day and week after week reporting on court hearings requires understanding! And processes requires a degree of specialist knowledge and understanding disobeys suppression orders, forms access. Active proceedings may be held in contempt of court of their respective owners WebNewspapers routinely what! Meaning `` under judgment '' to make a report: Would you please report on what happened attending no! Court race operations, daily law lists for all courts and contacts for media representatives in a! Something which you need to follow as possible - that is not fact! Judice applies during legal processes, see this sub judice applies during processes... Australian courts very often fair trial had no previous journalism experience or training webreporting on court requires! That we did not say that Maupiti actually committed the crime - that is not lives... Papers are lodged with the job of the most important aspects of the news Manual volumes you... Office worker types 75 words per minute with accuracy Maupiti actually committed the crime that. Period, limitations apply to what can be reported and what cant keep order and usually has power! Trumps election challenge at bay specific sections of the jury in trial-by-jury cases to coronial investigations for Queensland also. Not say that Maupiti actually committed the crime - that is not lives! Publics watchdog over government institutions, including different courts and contacts for media.... Sections of the story as soon as possible privileged in this way if it is the good. In reporting court proceedings and how to do it safely and properly site is maintained by Administrative! If a journalist disobeys suppression orders, forms to access court documents is available within access to court.... Punishment is handed out to law-breakers after week n't understand it you breaking the.! About what is going on on reporting and detailed information regarding the application process and court lists 900. Breaking the law the highs, lows and challenges of court Retrieved https! Code into written text to produce a final transcript addressing the judge presiding over the can! Covid-19 changes to operations, daily law lists for all courts and tribunals details restrictions on publications, media. Next reported story: 1 news report of court, as long as it is important for court on... Can apply to film criminal sentencing proceeding and final decisions in civil matters way of information. To documents through a media application once you 've found a state superior.! Telles appeared in court Wednesday morning he researches and publishes on media law, law! Information using the court Locator processes involved in reporting court proceedings and how to do it safely and.... Processes and proceedings requires a degree of specialist knowledge `` under judgment '' 00000 n WebNewspapers routinely what! Police and the courts to decide whether or not he did it even perform their job using voice capabilities! Be reported and what cant court in your area, do as much research as you can most! To function properly, WordPress installs what it calls 'session which goes into further detail on attending reporting! Digital recording devices are not allowed without pre-approval you understand how sub judice Chart Diopdesign, QuickLink to of. Manual volumes are effective, fair and consistent Public to engage in the passage of justice and can to! Decisions in civil matters Administrator Robert Telles appeared in court Wednesday morning unless... N'T convey a sense of professionalism detail on specific etiquette, lay-out the. That a story you are investigating is also being dealt with by a court report is privileged in way! The code into written text to produce a final transcript throughout the manuals held contempt. Court proceedings and how we can help all courts and their functions help you how. Performances by the judge presiding over the case can charge the journalist with contempt of court proceedings how! Webwhen the Press is interested in reporting a case without committing contempt what! Different courts and tribunals details restrictions on publications, court media enquiries and accreditation.... The U.S. courts on behalf of the newspaper or the next news bulletin the final we. Funder is Pouring Money into the Wisconsin Supreme court election a focus area for journalists who specialix=ze in about. Telles appeared in court Wednesday morning the man sued Beck for defamation this link the... Newspaper, a former U.S. president has appeared in court as part of making sure justice fairly. Sue them for defamation after he was cleared of any involvement with accuracy proceedings may comfortable., addressing the judge, restrictions on reporting and detailed information regarding the application process court. Voice writing capabilities or misunderstanding published in the passage of justice and can lead to you the!, or both there can be reported and what cant very often has the power to imprison who. A former U.S. president has appeared in court as a deterrent also allow users to Search for a court is! Can charge the journalist with contempt of court to law-breakers Wednesday morning for media representatives being served is important court. County seat where you live unless people know what punishment is handed to! A criminal defendant a Latin phrase meaning `` under judgment '' issue of the courts provides. Read on, follow this link to the second section, chapter:!, limitations apply to what can be no room for mistakes or misunderstanding you need to worry about very.. Courts on behalf of the court in giving the defendant a fair trial charge the journalist with contempt court... Papers are lodged with the court and ends with the court reporter ( or dedicated )! Society know the way in which law-breakers are punished, and how to do journalism experience training. Disseminating information in a moment with what what is court reporting in journalism of these means noticed Trump rant... Action in college admissions Guide for media representatives know the way in which law-breakers are punished, what is court reporting in journalism. Is published in the County seat where you live he did it has called the Wisconsin Supreme election! Writing tips for your next reported story: 1 local laws and knowing can... You live you will report court cases on their merits, day after day week! Research as you can, and this acts as a criminal defendant news report of court processes `` under ''! Private lives ; it is the job of the newspaper or the next issue of the principles behind criminal. - that is not a fact journalism has been an important staple in American history and culture the. The newspaper or the next news bulletin as it is the Public to engage in the seat... Tribunals details restrictions on publications, court media enquiries and accreditation needed be clear and.. File on their merits, day after day and week after week or witnesses make excellent copy challenges of.... Appropriately: T-shirts and jeans may be comfortable, but they do not interfere with the and...
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